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TextWare
Macintosh Version
1991 TextWare Corporation
TAG_1.PICT;1
The TextWare logo is a trademark of TextWare Corporation. The
other company and product names mentioned are trademarks or
registered trademarks of the related companies.
You Are Important!
Thank you for choosing TextWare for your full-text indexing and
retrieval needs.
We at TextWare Corporation value you as a customer and want you to
be successful using TextWare.
We have tried to provide adequate assistance to ensure your success.
To take full advantage of the help available to you, please follow
these two very important guidelines:
Read this manual; it contains the information you need to use
TextWare.
Use the Help function under the Apple menu and the on-line
documentation; it will refresh your memory and answer your
questions while you are using TextWare.
Technical support services are available for all versions, and include
bug fixes, new releases and unlimited telephone support. These
services are free of charge for an initial 90-day period, and
available for a nominal fee thereafter.
For technical support call (801) 645
9600 and ask for technical
support; or you may FAX technical support at (801) 645
9610.
Contact TextWare Corporation at (801) 645
9600 or P.O. Box 3267,
Park City, UT 84060 for more information on the complete TextWare
product line.
Using TextWare Documentation
This manual describes both TextWare's indexing and retrieval
capabilities. Those of you who purchased a retrieve-only license
will not be able to access and should therefore disregard TextWare's
indexing capabilities.
This manual is divided into three principal sections: Installation,
Getting Started and Reference Guide.
The Installation section provides information about installing
TextWare on your system.
The Getting Started section introduces TextWare on an elementary
level. It gives brief descriptions of some of the TextWare functions
typically used on a day
to
day basis.
The Reference Guide section contains a list of features and
functions that will enable the user to find more detailed
information.
Both the Getting Started and Reference Guide sections use the
sample databases provided with the package to illustrate how to
find information easily and quickly.
The TextWare documentation is designed to be helpful to both the
first
time and experienced user. The information contained in the
Getting Started section is geared primarily toward those who are
feeling their way through TextWare for the first time and are not
comfortable learning how to use TextWare by experimenting with
the software. The Reference Guide section is designed to be helpful
to the more experienced user who will use TextWare documentation
when confronted with specific problems.
TextWare is easy to use
most functions can be mastered with only a
few minutes of instruction.
Installation
System Requirements
To run TextWare, you will need a Macintosh Plus or better with
System Software 6.0.3 or later. At least 1 megabyte of memory is
required.
TextWare will occupy less than 800KB on your hard disk drive.
However, TextWare requires additional hard disk space to perform
indexing.
Inventory
Check to be sure that the following items are included in your
TextWare package:
1. Two diskettes labeled "TextWare for Macintosh Version 3.0"
2. License Agreement and Registration Card
3. The TextWare User Manual (this manual)
Installation Procedure
Insert TextWare Disk #1 into your Macintosh. Drag the TextWare
folder onto your hard disk. Now insert the second disk. Drag the two
folders on the second disk into the TextWare folder. Be sure to
install all folders from each diskette.
After you have installed TextWare, please fill in the registration
card and send it to TextWare Corporation.
Networks
Consult with your network manager, supervisor or administer,
network documentation and TextWare technical support for
installation questions.
Getting Started
1. Overview
What is TextWare?
The name TextWare encompasses a family of software products for
full-text indexing and retrieval applications. This includes
TextWare, TextWare with Images, retrieve-only versions of both
products, and the TextWare Toolkit.
TextWare is the leading full-text indexing and retrieval software
for personal computer (PC), local area network (LAN) and Macintosh
environments. With TextWare, each and every word in a free-form,
unstructured text database can be indexed to create a CardFile, and
users can instantly retrieve, display and output information.
TextWare with Images enables users to retrieve images and other
types of data tagged to text to produce a rich multimedia
environment. TextWare for the Macintosh always includes
TextWare's image tagging, retrieving, display and output
capabilities.
Retrieve-only or read-only versions are typically used to distribute
previously indexed CardFiles to other users.
All of these products are easy to learn and include thorough hard-
copy and on-line documentation.
The TextWare Toolkit is a linkable library of documented
subroutines in C code that contain TextWare's basic indexing and
retrieval engines, but no user interface. The Toolkit is appropriate
for users who wish to design their own interface or integrate full-
text indexing and retrieval technology with other applications.
The Toolkit is available for MS
DOS 3.2 or greater; Novell NetWare,
3Com 3+, 100% NETBIOS-compatible LAN software, and the Apple
Macintosh.
The CardFile Concept
With TextWare, many options are available to let users organize and
index existing files to form one or more on-line databases known as
CardFiles. This process can be easily accomplished using TextWare's
defaults, or more involved if users want to produce highly
customized applications.
In order to efficiently retrieve information from an on-line
database, it is most productive to divide the related text into
conveniently sized pieces, and then organize those pieces in a
logical manner.
In TextWare, each conveniently sized piece of text is called a Card.
This Card is the text that will be displayed in the window once a
free-form search is finished. A Card can be an entire file or some
portion thereof, such as a page or a paragraph. An unlimited number
of Cards are grouped together to form a CardFile as shown in the
image window:
Click on Image Window
While Cards and CardFiles are user definable, it is important to note
that users cannot search across multiple CardFiles.
The nature of the text data and its intended use will obviously
determine the appropriate definition of a Card and CardFile. The
CardFile concept is simply a very powerful and flexible means of
allowing users to divide and then organize databases for more
efficient applications.
TAG_2.PICT;1
Typical TextWare Applications
TextWare is ideal for creating and maintaining on-line databases, CD
ROM and other electronic publishing applications, and image storage
and retrieval systems.
On-line Databases
All companies create and maintain a database of information for
telephone support operations. Such information usually includes
marketing literature, product specifications, user manuals,
technical bulletins, a log of problem and resolution reports, and a
variety of other relevant information.
Many companies use TextWare to put such information on-line to be
referenced in lieu of hard-copy documents. Such users typically
report a 100% increase in the productivity of their telephone support
groups within six months.
This experience often leads companies to realize the value of on-
line information, and results in a desire to distribute all or part of
the database to other functional groups. The entire database may be
distributed to field service personnel, while product and
competitive information may be given to sales staff. Other data,
such as policy, procedure or personnel manuals, may be added or
distributed separately. Some of the data may even be remarketed to
a company's resellers or customers.
Any "knowledge base" of hard-copy documents used by a functional
group in its day-to-day work can be made into an on-line database to
increase productivity.
Electronic Publishing
Full-function or retrieve-only versions of TextWare may be
distributed with the data and used on PCs, networks and even
laptops. Or the data can reside at a central location, and users can
dial in via modem to retrieve, download and output information.Some
databases may grow to the size that CD ROM becomes the logical
medium for distribution and storage. A single CD ROM can contain up
to 660 megabytes (MB) of data, or the equivalent of 250,000 pages
of information. And because TextWare functions equally well with
all forms of magnetic media, users have a proven, consistent
solution regardless of the size of the database.
Image Storage and Retrieval
Some organizations have used TextWare imaging capabilities to
develop or integrate very sophisticated image storage and retrieval
systems. Documents are scanned, and the resulting images are
output to a write-once, read-many (WORM) optical disk for
permanent storage. The text in each image is converted to ASCII
text using optical character recognition (OCR) technology, and
indexed using TextWare. Users are then able to retrieve, display and
output any document's image, ASCII text or both.
Other organizations simply use TextWare to index existing
databases, and then search and retrieve information in an efficient
manner. And professionals such as attorneys, doctors, writers, and
researchers can all benefit from TextWare.
2. Using TextWare
Starting TextWare
Open the TextWare Folder and double-click on the TextWare Icon.
You may also open a CardFile directly by double-clicking on any of
the CardFile Icons.
Entering TextWare
The Text Retrieval module will retrieve, display and/or output
portions of a CardFile. Double-click on the TextWare icon to start
the program. Starting the program will cause a list of the available
CardFiles to appear. Two CardFiles are included with TextWare. One
is a set of policies and procedures for a small company, entitled
"Policies & Procedures," and the second is the on-line version of this
manual, entitled "TextWare Manual."
To open one of these CardFiles, double-click on the CardFile name.
You may also change folders or drives. Since CardFiles can be
located in any folder and on any drive, TextWare lets users easily
locate, view and select CardFiles. This is particularly convenient for
network and CD ROM environments.
For this tutorial, double-click on Policies & Procedures.CTL to open
this CardFile.
Once you have selected a CardFile, the main TextWare screen will
appear as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
Click anywhere to open the selected CardFile.
TAG_3.PICT;1
Upon opening the CardFile, the first Card and any associated image
will be displayed on the desktop as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_4.PICT;1
Moving About in TextWare
All of the functions in TextWare use menus and the Navigation Panel
to make operations as simple as possible. The pull-down Navigate
menu has the same functions as the Navigation Panel. However, the
menu also lists key commands for those who prefer to use the
keyboard. The Navigate menu is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
The Next Card (Command =) and Previous Card (Command -) menu
selections move to the next or previous Card in the CardFile. The
Next Hit and Previous Hit choices will be discussed later. The Next
Image (Command ') and Previous Image (Command ;) selections move
through the images in the CardFile. Search (Command S) is used to
perform a search.
The buttons on the Navigation Panel are the same as the menu items
on the Navigate menu. If you prefer menus or key commands, you
may hide the Navigation Panel by clicking on the close box or using
the Windows menu.
TAG_5.PICT;1
The Navigation Panel is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_6.PICT;1
On-line Help
TextWare has on-line help available for a variety of subjects. To
access help, choose Help from the Apple menu or press Command H.
Click on the desired topic and the help screens will be displayed. If
a topic has more than one screen, you will be prompted for the next
screen. When you are finished, click on Done to return to TextWare.
The help menu is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_7.PICT;1
Exiting TextWare
You may exit TextWare by choosing Quit from the File menu or by
pressing Command Q. The menu is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_8.PICT;1
Searching, Retrieving and Displaying Information
Searches are performed by clicking on the Search icon on the
Navigation Panel:
Searches may also be performed by selecting Search on the Navigate
menu or pressing Command S. The following window will appear as
shown in the image window:
Type "holiday" (or "HOLIDAY"
TextWare is not case sensitive) and
press return or click on the Search button. Searches produce
virtually instantaneous results, regardless of the size of the
CardFile, and yield a Hit List of Cards that contain the search
criteria.
TAG_9.PICT;1
You will see the screen displayed in the image window:
Click on Image Window
This is the Hit List. This list contains a 70-character, one-line
description (called a Short Display) about each Card that contains
the word "holiday." This is particularly useful for locating the exact
Card that contains the desired information and gives users a chance
to locate text without moving through the CardFile. While a Short
Display may have many formats, the Short Displays in this CardFile
start with the document name, then are filled with text from each
Card.
TAG_10.PICT;1
For this tutorial, select the first Card on the Hit List. You should
now see the following screen displayed in the image window:
Click on Image Window
Notice how the Card's sequential number is at the bottom of the
window and the Short Display is at the top of the window. In
addition, the full text of the Card is displayed, and the search
criterion
holiday
is in large, bold print and centered in the window.
Scroll through the Card using the scroll bar controls to locate
additional occurrences of the search word.
As stated earlier, you may move sequentially through the CardFile
with the Next Card and Previous Card buttons. You may also move
forward and backward through Cards on the Hit List without
returning to the Hit List. The Next Hit List and Previous Hit List
buttons move you through the Cards on the Hit List.
TAG_11.PICT;1
Displaying Images
If a CardFile contains images, those images will automatically be
displayed in a separate window that appears behind the Card
window. This window gives you the option of zooming in or out and
scrolling through the images associated with each Card.
A round bullet (
) preceding the Short Display indicates that an
image is tagged to the Card and will be displayed when the Card is
retrieved. For more information on image, click on the image
window.
TAG_12.PICT;1
Suppressing Text or Images
Some users may wish to just display images or just display Cards.
You may suppress the Cards (text) or suppress the images. However,
the text and images may not be suppressed at the same time.
To suppress the images, select Suppress Images from the Options
menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
Use the Next Card (Command =) and Previous Card (Command -)
buttons to scroll through the Cards.
To suppress the Cards (text), select Suppress Text from the Options
menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
Use the Next Image (Command ') and Previous Image (Command ;)
buttons to scroll through the images. To restore the text or the
images, simply select the option again.
TAG_13.PICT;1
AND, OR & ANDNOT (Boolean Searches)
Using the Boolean operators of and, or and andnot, you can construct
highly specific search criteria. These operators can be combined to
form logical search expressions, and are a powerful method of
specifying, qualifying or eliminating words and ideas as you search.
This capability enables you to easily narrow your search and
efficiently find desired information.
For example, if you are looking for information about holiday and
vacation in the Policies & Procedures CardFile, you might search for
"holiday" and find two occurrences, and then search for "vacation"
and find it in one Card. You could now display all three Cards.
A much simpler way to find what you are seeking is to type "holiday
and vacation" in the first search dialog box. You may join as many
search words as you wish in this manner using the and, or and andnot
operators.
These operators all require two or more elements, or search words,
to form a logical search expression. For example, it is not logical to
enter "and vacation" or "andnot holiday" when there is no previous
element for it to be compared against.
You may type all query words and Boolean operators in the first
search area of the dialog box or you may type each word in a
separate box as shown in the image window:
To move to another section in the dialog box, simply press the tab
key or click on the desired box. Select one of the sample data
CardFiles, and experiment with these operators on your own.
For more information, see the Text Retrieval - and, or and andnot
section.
TAG_30.PICT;1
Phrase and Proximity Searches
TextWare also supports phrase searches and proximity searches.
Phrase searches allow you to find the occurrences of a phrase, or
group of words, in a specific order. Proximity searches allow you to
find the occurrences of two or more words within ten words of one
another.
Phrase Search
To perform a phrase search, click on the Search icon. Then in the
dialog box type the phrase or group of words within quotes (" "). For
example, select the Policies & Procedures CardFile. Click on the
Search icon and type "1989 holiday schedule" and press return or
click on Search. The Hit List will then display those Cards which
contain this specific phrase.
Proximity Search
To perform a proximity search, click on the Search icon. Then in the
dialog box type two or more words within brackets ([ ]). TextWare
will find the occurrences of the words within ten words of one
another. For example, click on the Search icon and type [employee
insurance] and press return or click on Search. The Hit List will then
display those Cards which contain these words within ten words of
one another.
Wildcard Searches
Both "*" and "?" wildcards can be included within or at the end of any
word. Wildcards may not be placed at the beginning of a word.
For example, in the search dialog box in the Policies & Procedures
CardFile, type "incur*" and press return to execute the search. Then
type "cal?nd?r" and press return to execute the search. Wildcards
are a convenient way to locate various derivatives of a word or
words with uncertain spellings.
Printing Text and Images
TextWare allows you to print both Cards and Images on any Chooser-
selectable printer such as the LaserWriter or ImageWriter. Simply
locate the Card you wish to print and select Print on the File menu
for the Card data or Print Image on the File menu to print the image.
You may also press Command P to print the Card.
A window similar to the following will appear as shown in the
image window:
Click on Image Window
Click on OK or press return to print the Card. Click on the Cancel
button if you decide not to print at this time.
TAG_14.PICT;1
You may also change the font for the Card from the default of 9
points to 12 points. To do this select Use 12 point Font from the
Options menu or press Command T as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
To return to the default 9-point font select Use 9 point Font from
the Options menu or press Command T as shown in the image
window:
Click on Image Window
You may change the paper size, orientation and other print options by
selecting Page Setup from the File menu.
TAG_15.PICT;1
Using the Clipboard
TextWare provides full support for the Macintosh Clipboard. To
transfer text from a Card to other applications select (highlight) the
text you wish to copy and choose Copy from the Edit menu as shown
in the image window:
Click on Image Window
At this point the selected text is in the Clipboard, ready to be pasted
into another application. You may copy the entire Card by choosing
Select All (or pressing Command A), then choosing Copy from the
Edit menu (or pressing Command C).
Images may be copied by bringing the Image window to the front and
choosing Copy from the Edit menu. At this point the selected image
is in the Clipboard, ready to be pasted into another application.
TAG_16.PICT;1
3.Text Indexing
Building the Database
Today most text databases are created with word processing or
desktop publishing software packages, or through the use of
scanners and OCR technology. Additional text data may be
downloaded from mainframe computers or on-line databases offered
by third parties.
Images, graphics or other types of data may be added using a variety
of software packages and peripherals. The result is a large and
ever-growing number of related but unstructured files. As a result,
organizing the database is an important step in the construction of
on-line databases. With TextWare, many options are available to let
you organize and index existing files to form one or more on-line
databases known as CardFiles. This process can be easily
accomplished using TextWare's defaults, or more involved if you
want to produce highly customized applications.
The CardFile Concept
In order to efficiently retrieve information from an on-line
database, it is most productive to divide the related text into
conveniently sized pieces and then organize those pieces in a logical
manner.
In TextWare, each conveniently sized piece of text is called a Card.
A Card can be an entire file or some portion thereof, such as a page
or a paragraph. An unlimited number of Cards are grouped together
to form a CardFile as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
The nature of text data and its intended use will obviously
determine the appropriate definition of a Card and CardFile. The
CardFile concept is simply a very powerful and flexible means of
allowing you to divide and then organize databases for more
efficient applications.
TAG_2.PICT;1
Organizing the Text Data
TextWare lets you index text files created with a word processor.
However, text files created with a word processor must be saved in
a certain manner, as summarized below:
MacWrite Save files as "Text."
Microsoft Word Save files as "Text Only with Line Breaks."
WordPerfect Save files as "Mac Text (SR to CR) "
During the indexing process, TextWare divides text files into Cards.
It is important to note that files will be indexed in a specific order
based on their file names. Files will be indexed alphabetically in
ascending order, and Cards will be numbered sequentially beginning
with the first Card in the first file indexed. Therefore, it may be
necessary to rename some of your text files in order to produce the
desired sequence of Cards.
Consult TextWare Technical Support for information concerning
other word processors.
Defining Cards
A Card will always be the smallest piece of text that will be
retrieved and displayed if it contains the search criteria.
To assist you in dividing files into individual Cards, TextWare
enables you to automatically define a Card to be an entire file, a
page, a paragraph or a certain number of lines. You may also
manually format the text file so that a Card may be any chunk of
text.
To automatically define a Card, choose the desired Card size from
the Delimiter menu. The Card may be an entire file, a page of a file,
a paragraph or a certain number of lines.
To divide files into virtually any size chunk of text, use a text editor
to manually insert the #CARD code, followed by a carriage return, at
the beginning of the chunk of text, then an #ENDCARD code, also
followed by a carriage return, at the end. The #CARD and #ENDCARD
codes must be located at the left margin. Whatever information is
between #CARD and #ENDCARD will be defined as a Card by TextWare
during the indexing process.
The only constraint is that a Card cannot be larger than 16 KB, or
approximately 8 full pages of single-spaced text. Since few
implementations will require the use of larger Cards, this should not
be a significant constraint.
You may also define a 70-character, one-line Short Display of
information for each Card, which TextWare will display on the Hit
List of Cards that contain the search criteria. You may choose to
automatically define the display to be the file name, the file name
plus the first characters of text in each Card, or the first 70
characters of text in each Card. Since the Hit List is displayed prior
to the full text of any Card, this description should assist users in
selecting which Card is most likely to contain the information
desired.
These options will permit you to easily and quickly define a Card as
virtually any piece of text, and address any application
requirements.
Tagging Images to Cards
Because a Card is the smallest piece of text in a CardFile, it is also
the logical basis for building relationships between a piece of text
and other data, such as a graphic image. This is accomplished by
tagging this information to the Cards.
One image may be tagged to one or more Cards to supplement the
text data. In this case, when the Hit List is displayed you will also
be alerted to the existence of the tagged images. Cards with images
will have a bullet (
) preceding the Short Display. When a Card with
an image is selected the image will automatically be retrieved and
displayed behind the text window.
TextWare supports images in the Macintosh PICT and TIFF formats.
TextWare also supports images in the MS
DOS CUT, PCX and TIF
formats. Images in the MS
DOS CUT and PCX formats will
automatically be converted to the Macintosh PICT format for display
purposes.
Tagging images is accomplished prior to the indexing process by
placing the tags in the ASCII text file to be indexed. This file must
contain #CARD and #ENDCARD commands. For further information on
tagging images, refer to Tagging Images in the Reference Guide
section.
Other Options
A variety of other options are also available for building a CardFile,
and can be implemented prior to the indexing process through the use
of special files and commands. These include the following
capabilities:
You can create a list of stopwords that may be present in the
CardFile but will not be indexed. As a result, if they are included in
a search expression, they will not be located and the search will
produce no results for those words. This is done by creating a
custom ".STP" stopword file.
Non-alphanumeric ASCII characters, such as a dollar sign or
period, and non-recognizable characters inadvertently produced by
scanning and OCR equipment can be indexed, or they can be excluded
from the indexing process. This is done by creating a custom .HDR
header file with the #LETTERS, #EMBED and #BADCHAR commands.
You can develop a custom startup screen which will be
displayed every time a user accesses a CardFile. This is done by
creating a custom .SUP startup file.
These options are available to let you address all types of databases
and potential applications when building a CardFile. Hence, you can
build CardFiles using a unique set of custom files for all CardFiles
to address a wide variety of data.
Indexing CardFiles
Once a CardFile has been organized, the actual indexing process is
automatic and fast. While indexing times vary depending upon the
nature of the text data, most CardFiles can be indexed at a rate of 4
to 10 MB of data per hour depending on the Macintosh used.
As a result of TextWare's proprietary indexing algorithm, the size of
the related index is small and inversely proportional to the size of
the database. The size of the index as a percentage of the size of
the text data is typically as follows:
Size of Size of
Text Data Index
Up to 1 MB 20 to 40%
l to 5 MB 15 to 25%
5 MB Plus 10 to 15%
When indexing, you should have free hard disk space of at least 150%
of the size of the related text data.
A Step-by-Step Example
This step-by-step indexing example will use Microsoft Word files
that have been saved as text with line breaks. These are the same
files that were used to create the Policies & Procedures CardFile.
These files are located in the Sample Input folder and are called
SAMPLE 1, SAMPLE 2, and SAMPLE 3. All three files will be combined
to form a CardFile called Sample. For this example, a Card will be
defined as a page, and the Short Display will be the file name and the
first part of the text in each Card. Custom header and stopword
files
SAMPLE.HDR and SAMPLE.STP
have been provided and will be
used.
Here are step-by-step indexing instructions:
Step 1. Locate the "Sample Input" folder. This folder contains
Microsoft Word files that have been saved as text.
Step 2. Create an empty folder to hold the output files. Copy
SAMPLE.HDR and SAMPLE.STP to this folder.
Step 3. Double-click on the TextWare Index icon and the console
screen will appear as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_17.PICT;1
Step 4. Select the Card size delimiter from the Delimiter menu.
These choices control the make-up of each Card in your database.
This is what will determine the definition of each Card in the
CardFile. A Card may be a file, a page of a text file, a paragraph in a
text file, a certain number of consecutive lines or any chunk of text
if you want to use the #CARD and #ENDCARD commands. For this
tutorial, choose Page from the delimiter menu as shown in the image
window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_18.PICT;1
Step 5. Select your Short Display choice from the Short Display
menu. These choices allow control over what the user will see on the
Hit List. This Short Display may contain the file name, the file name
and up to 70 characters from each Card or the first 70 characters of
each Card. For this tutorial choose "File Name + First Part of Card"
as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_19.PICT;1
Step 6. Select Index from the File menu as shown in the image
window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_20.PICT;1
Step 7. The following screen will appear as shown in the image
window:
Click on Image Window
Choose the folder you created earlier in Step 2 for your output
files and enter the name of the CardFile as SAMPLE. Click on Save or
press return.
TAG_21.PICT;1
Step 8. This screen will appear next as shown in the image
window:
Click on Image Window
At this point you are being asked to select the folder that
contains the data you want to index. Choose the Sample Input folder,
which contains the text files to be indexed (note: the actual files
will not be displayed) and then click on Index. This starts the
indexing process. The status of the indexing will be displayed and a
summary of indexing statistics will be shown when indexing is
finished. Information about the CardFile will be displayed in a Log
File, with the name of the CardFile and a .LOG extension, in the
output folder.
Step 9. Once the indexing is complete, you may choose Quit from
the File menu to exit the indexing application. You can now conduct
searches in the new SAMPLE CardFile.
TAG_22.PICT;1
The Indexing Process
The step-by-step indexing example demonstrated the indexing
process but did not explain how TextWare actually creates a
CardFile. This section will briefly describe that process.
Prior to indexing you may have created custom files to be used by
TextWare when indexing the related text files and CardFile. These
files must be located in the folder that will contain the completed
CardFile. This can be done outside of TextWare using a word
processor, creating a text file with the proper extension:
Stopword File .STP
Header File .HDR
Startup Screen .SUP
During the indexing process, TextWare refers to the name of the
CardFile and then checks to see if any related custom files have been
created. If so, TextWare uses those files. If not, TextWare does not
create stopword, startup or header files.
TextWare then creates a Log File, with the name of the CardFile and
a .LOG extension, to record all of the information displayed during
indexing. This file contains information about the indexing process.
When the indexing process is completed, a total of six to nine unique
files will exist with the name of the CardFile and the following
extensions:
Stopword File .STP Bit Strings File .KDT
Header File .HDR Text Data .CDT
Startup File .SUP Short Display .CNX
Log File .LOG Word List File .KEY
Control File .CTL
The files in the left column have been described above. The .SUP,
.STP, and .HDR files will exist only if you created them prior to the
indexing process, and explains why the number of unique files will
vary.
The files in the right column are created during the indexing process
and contain the CardFile's indexes and related information.
In addition, when you first access a newly created CardFile,
TextWare will create a Quick Load file with the name of the CardFile
and a .QLD extension. This file allows you to access CardFiles
faster.
It is important to remember that any preexisting files with the
same file name as those created by TextWare will be overwritten
during the indexing process.
Users who desire more detailed information should consult the
appropriate sections in the Reference Guide.
4. Questions and Answers
Common Problems and Questions
Q: No matter what options I choose, the indexing function bombs
out. What am I doing wrong?
A: Check the Log File for error messages. If no Log File exists,
you may not have sufficient free hard disk space available.
TextWare requires free hard disk space equal to or greater than
150% of the size of the data to be indexed. You should free up
sufficient hard disk space and try again.
Q: Is there a maximum word length?
A: Yes. The indexing process will not index words more than 78
characters long. Words longer than 78 characters will be truncated.
Q: Why aren't changes in the stopword and header files reflected
in my CardFile?
A: Changes to the stopword (.STP) and header (.HDR) files may
only be implemented prior to indexing a CardFile. If the files are
changed after indexing, the changes will not be implemented and you
may corrupt your CardFile.
Q: When indexing, some files in the folder are not indexed. Why?
A: TextWare indexes only those files that have been saved as text.
If a file is not converted to text, it cannot be indexed. Use your
word processor to save all files as text files.
Q: Is there a limit to the size of a Card?
A: Yes, a Card may not be greater than 16 KB in size.
Q: When I retrieve a Card with an image I receive the error
message "Error Opening File {:IMAGES:Image.pict} IoErr=-120." What
could be causing this?
A: Check line 21 of the CardFile's control (.CTL) file. This should
contain the full path to your images. If the path is not correct,
TextWare will not be able to locate the desired images. Also, check
to make sure the image is in the PICT format.
Reference Guide
The#CARD/#ENDCARD Commands
If your want to define Cards to be some chunk of text other than one
of the choices that are automatically available, or you want to tag
images to Cards, you need to learn to use the #CARD and #ENDCARD
commands.
You must use a text editor to edit the files to be indexed and
manually insert these commands. Cards will then be defined by the
placement of these commands:
#CARD
#ENDCARD
Both of these commands must be against the left margin. All text
between the #CARD and #ENDCARD will be defined as a single Card.
Any text outside of these commands will be ignored when the file is
indexed. As a result, every #CARD must have a matching #ENDCARD.
Below is a sample Card:
#CARD
This is the first test Card for TextWare. Notice how
the commands are located at the left margin.
Everything between the commands will be considered
a Card when the file is indexed.
#ENDCARD
When you are finished placing the commands in the file, save the file
and start the indexing process. Choose #CARD + #ENDCARD from the
Delimiter menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
CD ROM/Electronic Publishing
Publishing CardFiles on a CD ROM or some other form of magnetic
media can be complex and requires some special considerations. You
should read this overview and contact technical support for
additional information or assistance. You may also want to inquire
about the various electronic publishing agreements and pricing
arrangements that are available.
In order to electronically publish a CardFile, you must create and
distribute all of the files associated with that CardFile, and you
must distribute or the recipient must already have a retrieve-only
version of TextWare.
The files needed are as follows:
1. You must include those files with the CardFile name and
following extensions:
.CTL
.CDT
.CNX
.KEY
.KDT
.QLD
2. If you have tagged images or other data to Cards, you must
include those files.
3. You may have created and want to include those files with the
CardFile name and the following extensions:
.HDR
.STP
.SUP
4. If you are distributing a retrieve-only version of TextWare,
you must include the retrieval files (the TextWare retrieval program
and the on-line manual files).
Many electronic publishers use the .SUP file to display their logo,
name, address, phone number and similar information.
If you are electronically publishing a CardFile on a CD ROM, you
should note the following:
1. The International Standard Organization's (ISO's) 9660
standards for the Macintosh require a ;1 at the end of each file name.
The CardFile's control (.CTL) file must be edited to include these
characters.
2. You must not have a drive letter specified in the CardFile's
control (.CTL) file.
Publishing CardFiles on a CD ROM or some other form of magnetic
media can be complex. Publishing CardFiles for use on both MS
DOS-
based PCs and Macintoshes is even more complex. Experiment on
your own and call technical support with any questions that arise.
Control File Format
During the indexing process TextWare creates several files for each
CardFile, including a file with the CardFile name and a .CTL
extension. This file is called the control file and contains important
information about the CardFile.
Advanced users may want to edit a CardFile's control file using a
text editor, or technical support may occasionally need to lead you
through that process. For these purposes, a brief description of the
control file format is included.
The Policies & Procedures CardFile control file is shown below:
Line #
1 300 Macintosh
2 :TEXTWARE:policies.CDT
3 :TEXTWARE:policies.CNX
4 :TEXTWARE:policies.KDT
5 :TEXTWARE:policies.KEY
6 :TEXTWARE:policies.RLC
7 :TEXTWARE:policies.ROM
8 :TEXTWARE:policies.ALS
9 :TEXTWARE:policies.STP
10 :TEXTWARE:policies.HDR
11 :TEXTWARE:policies.BCH
12 :TEXTWARE:policies.LOG
13 :TEXTWARE:policies.SUP
14 :TEXTWARE:policies.QLD
15 :TEXTWARE:policies.DOC
16 1 0 0 -1 80 twreport.txt
17 2 10 1 -1 -1 0 1
18 255
19 0 0 0 0 0 EDLIN
20 Sample Data - Policies and Procedures
21 :IMAGES:
Line 1: The TextWare version number (3.00)
used in the indexing process.
Lines 2 through 15: The full path to and name of all files
associated with the CardFile.
Line 16 through 20: Used by MS
DOS-based PCs who access
the CardFile.
Line 21: The full path to the location of data
tagged to Cards.
Exiting TextWare
You may exit Text Retrieval by choosing Quit from the File menu or
by pressing Comman Q. The File menu from the Text Retrieval
module is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
You may exit Text Indexing by choosing Quit from the File menu. The
File menu from Text Indexing module is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_24.PICT;1
Header File
The Header File contains specific information relevant to creating a
CardFile. If you wish to search for numbers that contain commas
(12,000), dollar amounts or decimals ($12.50), special characters
(#,<,>,-) or fractions (2/3), the special characters needed to index
these words must be in the header file.
Each time you create a CardFile TextWare checks to see if you have
already created a custom header file with the name of the CardFile
and a .HDR extension.
If you want to create a custom header file, you must do so before
indexing. Once a CardFile has been created, the header file must
remain unchanged and cannot be altered in any manner. To do so
would risk damaging the CardFile.
To create a custom header file, use a text editor to create a text file
with the name of the CardFile and a .HDR extension. Then enter one
or more of the following commands in the proper format:
#LETTERS
#EMBED
#BADCHAR
A sample header file, SAMPLE.HDR, is included in the sample input
folder. You may edit this file and/or rename it for each CardFile
created. The SAMPLE.HDR file contains the following commands:
#LETTERS -$<>#
#EMBED .,/'
#BADCHAR ^
Please consult the following individual command sections for more
information about these commands.
Header File - #BADCHAR Command
Text files produced via scanning and OCR technology may contain
unrecognizable characters. TextWare provides a facility for marking
such characters and other characters which cannot be interpreted
with a simple reminder, such as ^ or !. Then, if during the indexing
process TextWare finds a character or a string of characters which
it cannot index, TextWare will insert the marker in place of that
character. The bad character marker in the SAMPLE.HDR file is ^.
You may create custom header files for specific CardFiles. Allow
one space after the #BADCHAR command and then type the letter you
wish to use as the marker, as shown here:
#BADCHAR ^
Header File - #EMBED Command
TextWare allows you to index non-alphanumeric characters as
letters only if they are embedded in a string of alphanumeric
characters.
For example, if a period is indexed only when it is surrounded by
alphanumeric characters, then 20.5 can be found easily but periods
at the end of sentences will not be included in words. The same is
true of commas in numbers like 1,200 for dates or fractions such as
2/3 or 01/10/91 and for apostrophes in words like didn't and can't.
You can define these characters by changing the #EMBED command in
the SAMPLE.HDR header file, or you can create custom header files
for specific CardFiles. Allow one space after the #EMBED command
and then type the characters you wish to include, as shown here:
#EMBED .,/'
Header File - #LETTERS Command
TextWare allows you to index non-alphanumeric characters as
letters. The ability to index these characters is valuable, and
necessary for some applications. For example, if you wish to search
for A-1, #3, $15.45 or #, the hyphen (-), the dollar sign ($), and the
pound sign (#) must be defined in the header file with the #LETTERS
command.
You can define these characters by creating custom header files for
specific CardFiles. Allow one space after the #LETTERS command
and then type the characters you wish to include, as shown in the
first line from the file SAMPLE.HDR below:
#LETTERS -$<>#
Help
On-line Help is accessible from the Apple menu whenever TextWare
is active. TextWare has a number of different help options available.
Choose Help from the Apple menu or press Command H. The
following screen will appear as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
Click on the desired help option for further information. When
finished press return or click on the Done button.
TAG_7.PICT;1
Hit List
After a search has been executed, a list of 70-character, one-line
Short Displays of information for each Card is displayed. This is
known as the Hit List. The Hit List from the search for "holiday" in
the Policies & Procedures manual is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
You may scroll through the Hit List with the scroll bar and double-
click on a Short Display to retrieve the related Card, or you may
click on Cancel to return to the previously displayed Card. When
viewing a Card, you may use the Navigation Panel or the Navigate
menu to move through the Cards on the Hit List or all Cards in the
CardFile.
TAG_10.PICT;1
When viewing Cards, to return to the Hit List, select Return To Hit
List from the Windows menu or press Command R as shown in the
image window:
Click on Image Window
The 70-character, one-line Short Display is user definable. See
Short Display for more information.
TAG_25.PICT;1
Images
TextWare for the Macintosh includes the capability to retrieve,
display and print images. Please refer to Text Retrieval - Displaying
Images and Text Retrieval - Printing Images for more information.
Log File
During the indexing process TextWare creates a Log File with the
name of the CardFile and a .LOG extension to record all of the
information displayed during indexing.
If a problem arises and the indexing process is terminated, you
should use a text editor to view the contents of the Log File. This
will help you to diagnose and correct indexing problems. The Log
File for the Policies & Procedures Manual is shown below:
---------------------------------------------
Begin Index Result = {}
---------------------------------------------
Policies Manual , 16610 bytes, 40.254 Mb/hr
---------------------------------------------
End Indexing Result = {[00] No error}
---------------------------------------------
TextWare
Index Summary
.... 16610 Total bytes
.... 8 Cards
.... 1 Files
.... 0 Directories
.... 43 Seconds
.... 1.303 Mb/hr
---------------------------------------------
Short Display
After a search has been executed, a list of 70-character, one-line
descriptions is displayed. This is known as the Hit List. Each line is
the Short Display for the related Card. The Short Display is user
definable, and should assist users in selecting which Card is most
likely to contain the information desired. The Short Display type is
specified during the indexing process. During indexing, select the
desired Short Display type on the Short Display menu as shown in the
image window:
Click on Image Window
The three options available are summarized below:
File Name Each Short Display in the CardFile
will have only the file name as its
Short Display.
File Name + First Part of Card Each Short Display in the CardFile
will begin with the file name,
with the remaining available
space filled with the first
characters in each Card.
First Part of Card Each Short Display will be the
first 70 characters in the Card.
TAG_19.PICT;1
Startup Screen
You may develop a startup screen that will be displayed every time a
user accesses a CardFile. This feature is useful to provide
customized instructions or information about the CardFile prior to
displaying the first Card or doing a search.
To create a startup screen, use a graphics program to create a
Macintosh PICT graphic file with an image no larger than 500 pixels
wide by 300 pixels high in size. Save this file with the CardFile
name and a .SUP extension.
The startup screen must be placed in the same folder as the CardFile
and will be used to replace the existing TextWare screen when text
retrieval is accessed.
Stopwords
Before you create a CardFile, you may define a list of words that
will not be indexed. These are called stopwords. Stopwords will
appear in a CardFile's index as such, and can be included in a search
expression but will yield no results.
Each time you create a CardFile TextWare checks to see if you have
already created a custom stopword file with the name of the
CardFile and a .STP extension. If a stopword file does not exist, all
words in the text will indexed.
If you want to create a custom stopword file, you must do so before
indexing. Once a CardFile has been created, the stopword file must
remain unchanged and cannot be altered in any manner. To do so
would risk damaging the CardFile.
To create a custom stopword file, use a text editor to create a file
with the name of the CardFile and the .STP extension. Stopwords are
defined in a stopword file by putting the words to be included on one
or more lines with a space between each word.
Included in the Sample Input folder is a stopword file called
SAMPLE.STP. You may use a text editor to modify this file or simply
rename this file to be used during indexing. The SAMPLE.STP file is
shown below:
a an and are as
be been bring
can could
in is
on or
the these this to
was were with
Increasing or decreasing the number of stopwords will not
significantly affect the size of a CardFile's index.
Tagging Images
If you want to tag images to Cards you must use the delimiter
commands of #CARD and #ENDCARD and manually define each
individual Card. Then you must tag the images to Cards using the
command of #TAG .
For additional information refer to the #CARD/#ENDCARD and #TAG
sections.
The #TAG Command
The #TAG command is used to tag image files to Cards. The #TAG
command is used in conjunction with the #CARD and #ENDCARD
commands. You must use a text editor to edit the files to be indexed
and manually insert these commands.
All commands must be against the left margin. All text between the
two commands of #CARD and #ENDCARD will be a Card. Any text
outside of these commands will be ignored when the file is indexed.
As a result, every #CARD must have a matching #ENDCARD.
Below is a portion of the command file for the Policies & Procedures
manual:
#TAG policies.pct
#CARD
SUMMIT COMPANY, INC.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Summit Company, Inc. This document
summarizes basic policies and procedures which will
be most important as the Company grows. Personnel
will review this document with you, as well as all of
the necessary payroll and benefit related documents
and forms during your first week of employment.
Again, welcome to Summit. We look forward to a long
and mutually rewarding relationship.
#ENDCARD
Upon the completion of the indexing process, use a text editor to
edit line 21 of the CardFiles's control (.CTL) file to refer to the
location of the image files.
When you have finished placing the commands in the file, save the
file and start the indexing process. Choose "#CARD + #ENDCARD"
from the Delimiter menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
For additional information, refer to the #CARD/#ENDCARD and
Tagging Images sections.
TAG_26.PICT;1
Text Indexing
A thorough description of how to create CardFiles is included in the
Text Indexing portion of the Getting Started section of this manual.
That description includes a step-by-step example that leads you
through the process of creating the files, selecting a Short Display,
selecting the Card delimiter and indexing. However, you should note
the following:
During the indexing process, TextWare divides text files into Cards.
It is important to note that files will be indexed in a specific order
based on their file names. Files will be indexed alphabetically in
ascending order, and Cards will be numbered sequentially beginning
with the first Card in the first file indexed. Therefore, it may be
necessary to rename some of your text files in order to produce the
desired sequence of Cards.
Text Retrieval
A thorough description of the Text Retrieval module is included in
the Getting Started section of this manual.
The following sections will explain individual features and
functions in more detail.
Text Retrieval - AND, OR & ANDNOT Commands
Using the simple Boolean operators of and, or and andnot, you can
construct highly specific search criteria. The use of these ideas as
operators is called logical grouping, and is a powerful method of
specifying, qualifying or excluding words and ideas as you search.
This capability enables you to narrow your search and retrieve only
the information desired.
For example, if you want to look for information about insurance and
spouses, you might search for "insurance" and find four occurrences,
and then search for "spouses" and find two occurrences. You might
now go through all the Cards that contain "spouses" to find ones that
contain "insurance." A much simpler way to find what you want is to
search for "insurance and spouses." You may join as many search
words as you wish together in this manner with the and, or and
andnot operators.
These operators all require two elements, or search words, to work.
For example, if you have done no previous searches, it is not logical
to type "and vacation." It will also not work to simply type "andnot
holiday" when there is no previous element for TextWare to compare
against.
You may type all query words and Boolean operators in the large
"Search for" area in the dialog box or you may type each word in a
separate box as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
To move to another section in the dialog box simply press the tab
key or click on the desired box.
TAG_27.PICT;1
The following is an explanation of the three operators, or commands,
you may use to make your searches more precise and efficient:
AND Selects Cards which contain both or all of the
words for which you are searching, such as "holiday
and vacation and Thanksgiving." The and operator is
assumed whenever a space is left between words.
For example, entering "Thanksgiving holiday" would
be the same as entering "Thanksgiving and holiday"
(but it would not be the same as searching for the
phrase "Thanksgiving holiday").
OR Selects Cards which contain any one of the words
for which you are searching, such as "holiday or
vacation or Thanksgiving."
ANDNOT Selects Cards which contain one word but not
another. For example, you might look for a Card
with the word Thanksgiving without the word
holiday by entering "Thanksgiving andnot holiday."
andnot only works with a previous search word.
You cannot enter "andnot holiday" and retrieve all
the Cards which do not contain that word unless
you have done a previous search that TextWare can
compare it against.
The logical operators and, or and andnot do not have to be in
uppercase letters. They are only shown that way here for clarity.
Text Retrieval - Displaying Images
If a Card has been tagged with an image, that image will
automatically be displayed in a separate window which appears
behind the Card window. To view the image, click on the Image
window. The Image window will now be displayed in front of the
Card. This window gives you the option of zooming in or out and
scrolling through the images associated with each Card. The first
image from the Policies & Procedures manual, with descriptions of
the image window, is shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
To return to the Card, click on the Card window and the image will
now be behind the Card.
TAG_12.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Finding Words Inside Displayed Cards
When TextWare displays a Card, the query word is displayed in large,
bold print and the text is positioned so that the first occurrence of
the query word in the Card is displayed as shown in the image
window:
Click on Image Window
Use the scroll bars to move through the Card and find all occurrences
of the query word. If you are using a large-screen monitor you may
stretch the window so that the entire Card is displayed.
TAG_11.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Macintosh Clipboard
TextWare provides full support for the Macintosh Clipboard. To
transfer text from a Card to other applications select (highlight) the
text you wish to copy and choose Copy from the Edit menu as shown
in the image window:
Click on Image Window
At this point the selected text is in the Clipboard, ready to be pasted
into another application. You may copy the entire Card by choosing
Select All (or pressing Command A), then choosing Copy from the
Edit menu (or pressing Command C).
Images may be copied by bringing the Image window to the front and
choosing Copy from the Edit menu. At this point the selected image
is in the Clipboard, ready to be pasted into another application.
TAG_16.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Navigation Panel
When a CardFile is accessed, the first Card and any associated
images will be displayed. Also, the Navigation Panel is displayed in
the upper right corner of the screen. This panel is the same as the
Navigate menu. The panel is explained in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_6.PICT;1
To hide the Navigation Panel, click on the close box on the panel or
select Hide Navigation Panel in the Windows menu as shown in the
image window:
Click on Image Window
To redisplay the Navigation Panel, select Show Navigation Panel on
the Windows menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_28.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Phrase Searches
Phrase searching allows you to find words in a specific order in the
CardFile. For example, instead of finding "floating" and "holiday" in
the same Card, you may want to find the phrase "floating holiday."
To perform a phrase search, enter the phrase within quotes (" ") in
the search box as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_31.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Printing a Card
TextWare allows you to print a Card to any Chooser-selectable
printer such as the LaserWriter or ImageWriter. Simply locate the
Card you wish to print and select Print on the File menu for the Card
data to print as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
You may also press Command P to print the Card. A screen similar to
the following will appear as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_32.PICT;1
You may enter the number of copies of the card that you wish and
then press return or click on OK to print the Card. If you decide not
to print the Card, click on Cancel to cancel the print operation and
return to the program.
You may also change the font for the Card from the default 9 point to
12 point. To do this select Use 12 point Font from the Options menu
or press Command T as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
To return to the default 9 point font select Use 9 point Font from the
Options menu or press Command T as shown below:
Click on Image Window
You may also change the paper size, orientation and other print
options. Refer to Text Retrieval - Page Setup.
TAG_15.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Printing Images
TextWare allows you to print an Image to any Chooser-selectable
printer such as the LaserWriter or ImageWriter. Simply locate the
Image you wish to print and select Print Image on the File menu to
print the image as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
A window similar to the following will then be displayed as shown
in the image window:
Click on Image Window
Press return or click on OK to print the image. If you decide not to
print the image, click on Cancel to cancel the print operation and
return to the program.
TAG_32.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Proximity Searches
Proximity searches allow you to find one or more words within 10
words of one another. For example, instead of finding "paid" and
"vacation" in the same Card, you may want to find "paid" and
"vacation" only when they occur within 10 words of one another.
To perform a proximity search, enter the words within brackets ([ ])
in the search box as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_33.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Page Setup
To change the paper size, orientation or other print options, select
Page Setup from the File menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
A Page Setup window similar to the following will then be displayed
as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
TAG_34.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Suppressing Text or Images
Some users may wish to just display images or just display Cards
(text). You may suppress the Cards or suppress the images.
However, the Cards and images may not be suppressed at the same
time.
To suppress the images, select Suppress Images from the Options
menu as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
To suppress the Cards, select Suppress Text from the Options menu
as shown in the image window:
Click on Image Window
To restore the Cards or the images, simply select the option again.
TAG_13.PICT;1
Text Retrieval - Wildcards
Wildcards are symbols that act as variables in a search word. They
are a convenient way to locate various derivatives of a word or
words with uncertain spellings.
For example, if you wanted to know about every reference to rain in
a CardFile, and you searched for the word rain, you would miss the
occurrence of words like rained, raining and rains.
Two wildcards are available:
* Matches an unlimited number of characters in that location to
complete a word.
? Matches any single character in that location to complete a
word.
Wildcards may not be placed at the beginning of a word. However,
either wildcard may be used at the end of or within any word, as in
the following examples:
inv*
pol*ies
polic*
ni?e
nin?
Experiment with these examples in the Policies & Procedures
CardFile.
Creating ambiguous search words using wildcards can lead to
overwhelming search results. You should avoid using ambiguous
searches like "a*." These searches can produce hundreds of Cards,
consuming unwarranted time and producing meaningless results.